{"id":1662,"date":"2022-04-16T15:16:08","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T13:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/?p=1662"},"modified":"2024-06-14T16:32:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T14:32:04","slug":"et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/","title":{"rendered":"ET-GC01 \/ ET-GC02 &#8211; Geiger counter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f5be84ba9fa\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f5be84ba9fa\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Design_parameters\" >Design parameters<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Practical_design\" >Practical design<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Geiger-Muller_tubes\" >Geiger-M\u00fcller tubes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#The_designs\" >The designs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#GC01\" >GC01<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#GC02\" >GC02<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#The_circuit\" >The circuit<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Power_supply\" >Power supply<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Build_it\" >Build it!<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Putting_it_together\" >Putting it together<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Tube_voltage_setup\" >Tube voltage setup<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Enclosure_for_GC02_%E2%80%93_add_on\" >Enclosure for GC02 &#8211; add on<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Main_wiring\" >Main wiring<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Software_configuration\" >Software configuration<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Conversion_factor\" >Conversion factor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#ESP32_or_ESP8266\" >ESP32 or ESP8266?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#ESPHome_configuration\" >ESPHome configuration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/#Final_thoughts\" >Final thoughts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>As with many designs, there is something which triggers the creation. As part of a bigger design, which will be published in the future, we created a small geiger counter module which can be connected to all of our designs.<\/p>\n<p>Now with the current situation in the Ukraine, with the associated risks in regards to the nuclear power plants, we pulled this design forward, and created a standalone design too.<\/p>\n<p>So this project post is actually a double post, in the sense that we will introduce two designs at the same time. As mentioned, the design was pulled forward for publication, so we do not yet have the final PCBs in our hands. However our prototype is working fine, and there have been no changes made to the diagram, only to the PCB layout and silkscreen.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Design_parameters\"><\/span>Design parameters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The requirements were:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It should be possible to use a wide variety of GM tubes<\/li>\n<li>Standalone (GC01) or interfacing with previous projects (GC02)<\/li>\n<li>For the standalone (GC01) design a visual and audible feedback<\/li>\n<li>For the standalone (GC01) design an option to connect an 0.96&#8243; OLED display<\/li>\n<li>Adjustable tube voltage<\/li>\n<li>For the GC02 design an option to use the E10 screw base tubes, or the regular tubes.<\/li>\n<li>Must fit in a nice looking enclosure, this for safety, since higher voltage will be present<\/li>\n<li>Parts should be available at AliExpress or Amazon for affordable prices, making it as cheap as possible to build<\/li>\n<li>Easy to implement in ESPhome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_design\"><\/span>Practical design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div id=\"attachment_1746\" style=\"width: 508px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1746\" class=\"wp-image-1746\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-877x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-877x1024.jpg?v=1650112982 877w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-257x300.jpg?v=1650112982 257w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-768x897.jpg?v=1650112982 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-1315x1536.jpg?v=1650112982 1315w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-1754x2048.jpg?v=1650112982 1754w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-720x841.jpg?v=1650112982 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-520x607.jpg?v=1650112982 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-320x374.jpg?v=1650112982 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ET-GC02 addon module<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The design focuses on the application of Geiger-M\u00fcller tubes, therefore we will discuss those first:<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geiger-Muller_tubes\"><\/span>Geiger-M\u00fcller tubes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Geiger-M\u00fcller tube consists of a chamber filled with a gas mixture at a low pressure of about 0.1 bar \/ 1.5 psi. The chamber contains two electrodes, which will require a potential difference of 350 &#8211; 500 volts for proper operation. The walls of the tube are either metal or have their inside surface coated with a conducting material to form the cathode, while the anode is a wire mounted axially in the center of the tube.<\/p>\n<p>When ionizing radiation strikes the tube, some molecules of the fill gas are ionized directly by the radiation, or if the tube cathode is an electrical conductor, indirectly by means of secondary electrons produced in the walls of the tube. This will initiate a so-called ionizing event, which is multiplied within the gas. The ionizing event will cause the tube to start conducting, which is being detected by the circuit.<\/p>\n<p>When the tube is not conducting, the tube has a very high resistance. When there is a ionizing event the resistance will drop significantly, which allows the current to flow through the tube. If the current through the tube is too high during the ionizing event, the tube will not recover back to the high resistance condition. Therefore a high series resistance is required in the anode connection of the tube. The value of this resistance is normally specified in the datasheet of the tube, together with the required tube voltage. (Some tube data sheets also specify the cathode capacitance.)<\/p>\n<p>The operating voltage curve of the tube has several distinguishable sections. For our purpose, as a simple counter, the tube will be operated in the &#8220;plateau&#8221; region.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the construction and gas used, the tube is sensitive to alpha, beta or gamma radiation. Most tubes available are sensitive to beta and gamma radiation only, since alpha radiation has a very low penetration capability. In many cases the tubes sensitive to alpha radiation require a higher potential difference between the anode and cathode, which this design will not be able to produce.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_designs\"><\/span>The designs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GC01\"><\/span>GC01<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1678\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1678\" class=\"wp-image-1678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-1024x683.png?v=1646820764 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-300x200.png?v=1646820764 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-768x512.png?v=1646820764 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-1536x1024.png?v=1646820764 1536w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-2048x1365.png?v=1646820764 2048w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-720x480.png?v=1646820764 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-520x347.png?v=1646820764 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC01-220306-1-top-320x213.png?v=1646820764 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Standalone version of the Geiger counter.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GC02\"><\/span>GC02<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1668\" style=\"width: 395px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1668\" class=\"wp-image-1668\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-1024x683.png?v=1646693586 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-300x200.png?v=1646693586 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-768x512.png?v=1646693586 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-1536x1024.png?v=1646693586 1536w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-2048x1365.png?v=1646693586 2048w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-720x480.png?v=1646693586 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-520x347.png?v=1646693586 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ET-GC02-220306-1-top-320x213.png?v=1646693586 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1668\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The add-on module design.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If we look at the diagrams of both designs we will see that both are 80% the same, where the GC02 is just missing the voltage regulator circuitry and the ESP module. The other difference is that the GC01 has a tube connection in the form of a screw terminal, while the GC02 has a E10 socket or mounting hole for the tube.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1679\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-1024x743.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-1024x743.png?v=1646820771 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-300x218.png?v=1646820771 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-768x557.png?v=1646820771 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-1536x1115.png?v=1646820771 1536w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-2048x1486.png?v=1646820771 2048w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-720x522.png?v=1646820771 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-520x377.png?v=1646820771 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC01-sch-320x232.png?v=1646820771 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1663\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-1024x743.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-1024x743.png?v=1646693555 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-300x218.png?v=1646693555 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-768x557.png?v=1646693555 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-1536x1115.png?v=1646693555 1536w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-2048x1486.png?v=1646693555 2048w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-720x522.png?v=1646693555 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-520x377.png?v=1646693555 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-320x232.png?v=1646693555 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Due to the similarities of the designs, the design which will be discussed in this post is GC01. There are a few items which need to be considered which are different for GC02, which will be discussed separately.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_circuit\"><\/span>The circuit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Besides the ESP32 or ESP8266 module, the circuit is mainly a 400VDC generator. The generator is a so-called &#8220;kickback&#8221; generator which is used in a number of other geiger counter designs found around the internet.<\/p>\n<p>The principle is that the NE555 timer output has a variable width pulse, depending on the setting of the potentiometer P1. The frequency of the NE555 is set by R1 \/ C2, which with the used values is approx. 3kHz. The pulse width varies between 30 and 200\u00b5s.<\/p>\n<p>When the output of the timer is high, T2 will start conducting, allowing current to flow through the inductor. This will cause energy to be stored in the ferrite core of the inductor. The polarity over the inductor will be positive at the &#8220;VCC&#8221; terminal, and negative at the transistor T2 \/ diode D2 side.<\/p>\n<p>The current through the inductor will rise till the moment the voltage over R5 &amp; P1 is high enough to make T1 conduct. Once T1 is conducting, the timer resets, and the output goes low. This results in T2 to stop conducting. Note that a lower total resistance of R5 &amp; P1, will result in a longer pulse, which will result in a higher energy storage in the inductor. This will cause the output voltage to go up. In the case of the GC02 design, this will make the output voltage dependent on the power supply voltage. A <em>lower power supply voltage<\/em> will give an <em>higher output voltage<\/em> with the same potentiometer setting.<\/p>\n<p>Since the current through the inductor is going to zero, the field collapses in the inductor, which causes the voltage to go up. This voltage will have an opposite polarity compared to the polarity when there was a current flowing. Therefore the &#8220;negative&#8221; side of the inductor is now connected to the &#8220;VCC&#8221; terminal, with the &#8220;positive&#8221; side connected to the transistor\u00a0 T2 \/ diode D2. The voltage over the conductor will be several hundred volts, depending on the pulse width, which will cause D2 to conduct, charging up capacitor C3 to the voltage level of the coil voltage.<\/p>\n<p>Once the voltage over capacitor C3 is equal to the coil voltage, diode D2 will stop conducting, and the energy in the capacitor can only flow towards the Geiger-M\u00fcller tube. Once the gas in the tube is ionized by radiation, the capacitor C3 will discharge through R7.<\/p>\n<p>This current will drive transistor T3, which will start conducting, and create an &#8220;output&#8221; going to &#8220;0&#8221;, which the ESP module can detect and count.<\/p>\n<p>The ESP module will drive the buzzer and LED, with a short pulse, for every detected radiation particle. Since the buzzer is of the passive type, it will sound like a click. If an active buzzer is used, then a short beeping sound would be sounded. However for authenticity, the click is preferred.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Power_supply\"><\/span>Power supply<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The standalone, GC01, design will be able to run from any power supply capable of delivering at least 8 VDC \/ 500mA. Another option is not to mount the input screw terminals, diode D1 and voltage regulator IC2, and feed the module by connecting a micro USB cable directly to the ESP module.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Build_it\"><\/span>Build it!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>See below the list with the components you will need to build the GC01 or GC02 module. The majority of the components are very similar to the components used in our previous projects. However a few components are very specific for this project, and the quantity required is small. But like before, we will try to reuse the same parts as much as possible in future projects.<\/p>\n<p>We would really appreciate it if you will use the links below to buy the components, since it will give a little bit of commission to us without any additional cost for yourself. These commissions will be used to cover some of the costs involved in the development of the design.<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 864px;\" border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #769adb;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Part<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Value<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Device<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Link<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>GC02<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1N<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C050-025X075<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AU4fqd\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AU4fqd<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">470\u00ac\u00b5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C-POL2.5-8.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AaHvuv\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AaHvuv<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10N\/1kV<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C050-025X075<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9fXWlR\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9fXWlR<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">220p*<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">C050-025X075<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9jxgCN\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9jxgCN<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">D1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1N4001<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1N400410<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">DIODE<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AgTh7R\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AgTh7R<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">D2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1N4148<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1N4148-10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AK6bEN\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AK6bEN<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">D3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">BYV27-600<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">BYV27-600<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.aliexpress.com\/item\/33008922253.html\">https:\/\/nl.aliexpress.com\/item\/33008922253.html<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">IC1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">NE555P<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">NE555P<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">General purpose bipolar Timer<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AgmLTn\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AgmLTn<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">IC2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">DC-DC-5V<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">78XXALI<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AnTxIN\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AnTxIN<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">JP1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">OLED<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PINHD-1X4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PIN HEADER<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AXG2X1\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AXG2X1<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">L1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10mH<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">L-6000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9ylja7\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9ylja7<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">LED1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Red<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">LED3MM<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">LED<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AfAY1B\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AfAY1B<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">P1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10\u0152\u00a9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">P3296W<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AS4FXB\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AS4FXB<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">220k<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1k<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">330<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">100k<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4M7*<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">22k<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4k7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">220<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">R0207\/10B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Vishay S105K reference resistor.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9zwZW9<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">T1, T3, T4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">S8050<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">TO92-NPN-S8050<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">NPN TRANSISTOR<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_Asf3aH\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_Asf3aH<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x (2x)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">T2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">MJE13003B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">TO92-NPN-MJE13003<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">NPN TRANSISTOR<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AeVxyt\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AeVxyt<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">WEMOS1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">ESP32\/ESP8266<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">WEMOS-D1-MINI-ESP32<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">WeMos DEV board<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_A1rukH\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_A1rukH<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">X1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Power<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SCREW-2-5.08<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Screw terminal &#8211; 5,08mm pitch<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9H8Va7\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9H8Va7<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">X4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Geiger Tube<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SCREW-2-5.08<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Screw terminal &#8211; 5,08mm pitch<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9H8Va7\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9H8Va7<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">X5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Passive<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">BUZZER<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AKrU09\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AKrU09<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">ENC<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Enclosure for GC02<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AZFr0r\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AZFr0r<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCB-GC01<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCBway PCB<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCB for ET-GC01<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcbway.com\/project\/shareproject\/espthings_io_ET_GC01_bbf79bd3.html\">Order the ET-GC01 PCB here!<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCB-GC02<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCBway PCB<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PCB for ET-GC02<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcbway.com\/project\/shareproject\/espthings_io_ET_GC02_322dfcf7.html\">Order the ET-GC02 PCB here!<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">G-Tube<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">M4011 geiger tube<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_A0FADz\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_A0FADz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">G-Tube<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">J304 geiger tube with E10 Socket<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_APMKUL\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_APMKUL<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">E10 socket<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">E10 Socket for PCB mounting<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9RhgAP\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_9RhgAP<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5.82445%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">E10 socket<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.5004%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.5357%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.5242%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">E10 socket alternative (requires some mod)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3331%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AbMU3h\">https:\/\/s.click.aliexpress.com\/e\/_AbMU3h<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 3.28138%; height: 24px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Putting_it_together\"><\/span>Putting it together<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Like with all other projects,\u00a0it is the easiest to start with identifying the components purchased as discussed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/index.php\/2021\/02\/16\/soldering\/\">blog post<\/a>. After sorting the components and cleaning the PCB, start with the lowest components first. For this project, we advise to work in this order:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resistors<\/li>\n<li>Diodes<\/li>\n<li>NE555<\/li>\n<li>Transistors<\/li>\n<li>Capacitors<\/li>\n<li>Screw terminals<\/li>\n<li>Trimmer potentiometer.<\/li>\n<li>ESP module headers if applicable (Use the hints in the soldering blog post!)<\/li>\n<li>Electrolytic capacitor<\/li>\n<li>Voltage regulator. Make sure that the voltage regulator is not too tall for the enclosure.<\/li>\n<li>In case of the GC02 design, mount either the E10 screw base with the center connection to the pad marked &#8220;+&#8221;, or solder the tube directly to the PCB. Ensure the end marked with a &#8220;+&#8221; is directly connected to the PCB, and use a small \/ thin insulated wire from the other end of the tube, to the connection labeled &#8220;-&#8221; on the PCB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Once all components are soldered in place, perform a good visual check of all joints, and pay particular attention to possible solder bridges (unwanted solder connections between pins). Do not forget to clean the excess solder flux from the PCB using alcohol! This is especially important in the section where the 400V is present.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tube_voltage_setup\"><\/span>Tube voltage setup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The voltage generator has a high internal resistance, of approx. 5M\u03a9. This means that when measuring the voltage with a normal multimeter, which have normally an internal resistance of 10M\u03a9, the reading will be incorrect, or better, not as expected. The reading on the multimeter will be approx. 2\/3 (0.667x) the actual value.\u00a0 So it requires a little bit of math to ensure you setup the voltage correctly.<\/p>\n<p>In the below diagram V1\/R1 is the voltage generator, and R2 is the multimeter. As you can see the voltage is split over the two resistors, with 1\/3 of the voltage over R1, and 2\/3 of the voltage over R2.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1729\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-1024x661.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-1024x661.png?v=1649606656 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-300x194.png?v=1649606656 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-768x496.png?v=1649606656 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-1536x991.png?v=1649606656 1536w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-720x465.png?v=1649606656 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-520x336.png?v=1649606656 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement-320x207.png?v=1649606656 320w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC-measurement.png?v=1649606656 1850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Most tubes will require a voltage of 400VDC +\/- 20V, and with the knowledge that we have regarding the internal resistance of the voltage generator, we know we need to measure approx. 400V x 0.667 = <strong>265VDC<\/strong> between &#8220;Vt+&#8221; and &#8220;Vt-&#8220;. We have verified this reading by using a 100x probe and an oscilloscope, where the 100x probe reads the 400V correctly.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enclosure_for_GC02_%E2%80%93_add_on\"><\/span>Enclosure for GC02 &#8211; add on<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For the GC02 a different than our standard enclosure has been used. It is listed in the BOM, but we have also created a 3D printable version.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1726 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview.png?v=1649605795 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview-300x225.png?v=1649605795 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview-768x576.png?v=1649605795 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview-720x540.png?v=1649605795 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview-520x390.png?v=1649605795 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-box-topview-320x240.png?v=1649605795 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1724 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid.png?v=1649605789 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid-300x225.png?v=1649605789 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid-768x576.png?v=1649605789 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid-720x540.png?v=1649605789 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid-520x390.png?v=1649605789 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-lid-320x240.png?v=1649605789 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1727 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone.png?v=1649605798 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone-300x225.png?v=1649605798 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone-768x576.png?v=1649605798 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone-720x540.png?v=1649605798 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone-520x390.png?v=1649605798 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-cone-320x240.png?v=1649605798 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">The small ring slides over the tube to protect the positive terminal of the tube.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1725\" src=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview.png?v=1649605792 1024w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview-300x225.png?v=1649605792 300w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview-768x576.png?v=1649605792 768w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview-720x540.png?v=1649605792 720w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview-520x390.png?v=1649605792 520w, https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Geiger-box-bottomview-320x240.png?v=1649605792 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The inside of the box has the mounting holes for the PCB and notches to keep the lid in place. Remember that the tube has to be mounted from the back of the PCB when using this enclosure!<\/p>\n<p>You can download the STL files here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.espthings.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/GC02-Enclosure.zip\">GC02-Enclosure<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Main_wiring\"><\/span>Main wiring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The wiring to the controller, in case the add-on module is used, can be done with normal DuPont style wiring. The power consumption of the module is very low, and will not put a significant load on the main module.<\/p>\n<p>In case the standalone version is used, make sure you use wiring with sufficient insulation to connect the tube. DuPont style wiring is normally not rated for 400V, so please don&#8217;t use it. The wire diameter can be small, since the tube current is max. 400V (tube voltage) \/ 10M\u03a9 (internal resistance of the generator + anode resistor) = 40\u00b5A.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Software_configuration\"><\/span>Software configuration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conversion_factor\"><\/span>Conversion factor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Every G-M tube design will have its own characteristics, which comes out in a different working voltage, anode resistor, cathode capacitor. Another factor is the sensitivity of the tube. In other words, what does it mean when the tube detects on radiation particle; how much radiation is detected? This is the conversion factor of the tube.<\/p>\n<p>Of a number of tubes you can find this conversion factor in the datasheets \/ online, but sometimes not. If it is known, it can be used to show the radiation in normal units, like \u00b5Sv \/ hr. (See the YAML configuration where the conversion factor is used.) Using the converted reading, an alarm level can be setup, and possible automated actions can be taken.<\/p>\n<p>But if you do not have the conversion factor, the conversion to \u00b5Sv\/hr can not be done (correctly). The option which is left in that case is just use the counts per minute (cpm) . A reading under normal circumstances is taken, which is then considered the background radiation level. If this reading goes up by 5x or more, then you know there is an abnormal circumstance, and an alarm condition can be generated.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ESP32_or_ESP8266\"><\/span>ESP32 or ESP8266?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>For this project, you can use the ESP8266 or the ESP32 based modules. There is no specific requirement for processor speed, so the ESP8266 modules are more than sufficient for this application.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ESPHome_configuration\"><\/span>ESPHome configuration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"yaml\">substitutions:\r\n  devicename: et-gc01\r\n  long_devicename: \"ET-GC01 esp32\"\r\n\r\nesphome:\r\n  name: $devicename\r\n\r\nesp32:\r\n  board: esp32dev\r\n  framework:\r\n    type: arduino\r\n\r\nwifi:\r\n  ssid: !secret esphome_wifi_ssid\r\n  password: !secret esphome_wifi_password\r\n  ap:\r\n    ssid: \"$devicename Fallback Hotspot\"\r\n    password: !secret esphome_ap_password\r\n\r\ncaptive_portal:\r\n\r\nlogger:\r\n\r\napi:\r\n  password: !secret esphome_api_password\r\n\r\nota:\r\n  password: !secret esphome_ota_password\r\n  \r\nweb_server:\r\n  port: 80\r\n  \r\nsensor:\r\n  - platform: pulse_counter\r\n    pin: GPIO16\r\n    name: \"$long_devicename CPM\"\r\n    id: geiger_counter\r\n    unit_of_measurement: \"CPM\"\r\n    on_raw_value:\r\n      - sensor.template.publish:\r\n          id: radiation_level\r\n          state: !lambda 'return x \/ 151;'\r\n  - platform: template\r\n    name: \"$long_devicename Radiation Level\"\r\n    id: radiation_level\r\n    unit_of_measurement: \"\u00b5Sv\/h\"\r\n    icon: mdi:radioactive\r\n    accuracy_decimals: 5\r\n    \r\nbinary_sensor:\r\n  - platform: template\r\n    device_class: safety\r\n    name: \"$long_devicename Radiation Warning\"\r\n    lambda: |-\r\n      if (id(geiger_counter).state &gt; 100) {\r\n        \/\/ High Count.\r\n        return true;\r\n      } else {\r\n        \/\/ Normal Count.\r\n        return false;\r\n      }<\/pre>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_thoughts\"><\/span>Final thoughts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The goal was to design a simple, cheap circuit to measure the radiation with a G-M tube. We looked at existing designs \/ kits available online, and in general we think our design is considerably cheaper.<\/p>\n<p>There is a wide variety of G-M tubes available on the internet, some of them NOS (new old stock) tubes from the former USSR, and a variety of Chinese made tubes on AliExpress. Most tubes will work on a voltage of approx 400VDC, and their anode resistance are all about 4.7 &#8211; 5.6M\u03a9. However their sensitivity is from very insensitive to very sensitive. The circuit has been tested with a Chinese J304, which is giving nice background readings, and a Russian Si3BG tube which is one of the least sensitive tubes with low background readings.<\/p>\n<p>For best readings, place the tube, if possible, in a vertical direction outside. Even in the window there will be a different reading compared to outside, since most glass types contain a metal containing film in between the layers, which will decrease the sensitivity of the counter.<\/p>\n<p>If you enjoy our designs, please leave a comment and subscribe to our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCeMzk2C5tbMkpsByg7Nbgyw?sub_confirmation=1\">youtube channel<\/a>, to help us grow the website and channel!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction As with many designs, there is something which triggers the creation. As part of a bigger design, which will be published in the future, we created a small geiger counter module which can be connected to all of our designs. Now with the current&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projects"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ET-GC01 \/ ET-GC02 - Geiger counter - ingeniousmakers.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cheap, yet effective ESP8266\/ESP32 based Geiger Counter for use with Home Assistant and other smart home solutions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ESP8266\/ESP32 based Geiger Counter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cheap, yet effective ESP8266\/ESP32 based Geiger Counter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/16\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ingeniousmakers.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-16T13:16:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-14T14:32:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-scaled.jpg?v=1650112982\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2192\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Paul\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"ESP8266\/ESP32 based Geiger Counter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Cheap, yet effective ESP8266\/ESP32 based Geiger Counter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/IMG_5777-scaled.jpg?v=1650112982\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Paul\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/16\\\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/16\\\/et-gc01-et-gc02-geiger-counter\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Paul\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ingeniousmakers.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dc92ed07eedaed0a762c93b9545bf541\"},\"headline\":\"ET-GC01 \\\/ ET-GC02 &#8211; 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